Everything about The Battle Of Rakovor totally explained
The
Battle of Rakovor or
Battle of Wesenberg was a
battle fought on
February 18,
1268, between the
Livonian branch of the
Teutonic Knights and a coalition of
Russian princes. The Knights were beaten so thoroughly that they wouldn't undertake a new campaign against Northern Russia for the following thirty years.
The two armies clashed within 7.5 kilometers (roughly 4.5 miles) from the
Livonian town of
Rakvere.
Russian forces, numbering up to 30,000 troops, were led by
Dmitry of Pereslavl (representing the
Novgorod Republic) together with his future son-in-law,
Daumantas of Pskov (representing the
Pskov Republic).
Apart from the knights, the Livonian army included
Danish forces (right flank) and local
Estonian militia (left flank). The
crusading army was led by the Livonian Ordensmeister
Otto von Lutterberg.
The German forces deployed in their customary deep "boar's head" wedge of heavily armoured
knights, called by the Russians the "great iron pig." These deep wedges had considerable penetrative power, but were unmaneuverable and vulnerable to flank attack due to the resulting narrow frontage of the army, facts which led to the ultimate defeat of the Knights at the
Battle of Lake Peipus. As a result, the Germans attempted to remedy this situation at Rakovor by splitting their knightly assault force into two formations, deploying one wedge in the open and a second in ambush, so that when the first wedge was attacked on all sides by the Russians the second wedge would burst from ambush and in turn encircle the enemy.
The tactic worked well at first, as the wedge of German knights smashed the Novgorod and Pskov forces facing them, but then the second wedge, seeing the Russians in retreat, apparently assumed the battle was won and emerged from their ambush position to loot the Russian baggage. This abandonment of the battle plan led to the first wedge being encircled.
The fighting to reduce the first wedge was apparently terrific. "Neither our fathers nor grandfathers have witnessed such a terrible battle", reports the Novgorodian First Chronicle. At last the Novgorodian militia prevailed, although its leader, the
posadnik Mikhailo Fyodorovich, was killed in action.
The Russian princes pursued the knights up to Rakvere. Prince
Daumantas of Pskov, whose bravery was recognized even in the German chronicles of the battle, pursued the defeated knights all the way to the coast of the
Baltic Sea, and took substantial booty before returning to the Russian lines. Upon his return to his camp, Dmitry of Pereslavl discovered that it had been looted by another regiment of the knights. He decided to wait for the morning. Three days passed and no new attack ensued on the part of the knights. The Russian leaders claimed victory and returned to
Novgorod in triumph.
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